Scott pressed for a line of demarcation at 170° W—everything to the west of that line, including Ross Island, McMurdo Sound, and Victoria Land, would be Scott's preserve. [50], The march began on 29 October 1908. }; You are in: Shackleton Online » Explore the expeditions » Expedition. Histories, Cultures, Environments and Politics (HCEP), Research seminars (Histories, cultures, environments and politics), Polar Humanities and Social Sciences ECR Workshop. In April, believing that he had got the backing of Scottish businessman Donald Steuart,[15] Shackleton travelled to Norway intending to buy a 700-ton polar vessel, Bjorn, that would have served ideally as an expedition ship. Shackleton's expedition of 1907-09 would claim the first ascent of the mountain. [54], As the group moved into unknown territory, the Barrier surface became increasingly disturbed and broken; two more ponies succumbed to the strain. [71] From 18 February onward they began to pick up familiar landmarks, and on the 23rd they reached Bluff Depot, which to their great relief had been copiously resupplied by Ernest Joyce. A party which included Douglas Mawson, Edgeworth David and Alistair MacKay, with a support party of three, took five days to climb the mountain. Later, Shackleton reported, he became extremely proud of the sturdy little ship. [59] They could not cover the remaining distance to the Pole and back with this amount of food. The British Antarctic Expedition of 1907–9, led by Ernest H. Shackleton, left Port Lyttelton, New Zealand, in the ship Nimrod on January 1, 1908. [58] Marshall wrote that following Shackleton to the Pole was "like following an old woman. The expedition introduced a number of innovations, using both Manchurian ponies and a motor car for sledge hauling along side more traditional methods of dog sledges and man hauling. Before then, David had a narrow escape after falling into a crevasse but was rescued by Mawson. [44], Shackleton's choice of a four-man team for the southern journey to the South Pole was largely determined by the number of surviving ponies. For the rest of the southward journey and the whole of the return trip they had to rely on man-hauling. Wild privately expressed the wish that Marshall would "fall down a crevasse about a thousand feet deep". [53] Shackleton's party covered the distance in 29 days compared with Scott's 59, using a track considerably east of Scott's to avoid the surface problems the earlier journey had encountered. [83] Before this rescue, Nimrod had picked up a geological party consisting of Priestley, Brocklehurst and Bertram Armytage [de; fr], who had been carrying out geological work in the Ferrar Glacier region. David was influential in securing the Australian government's £5,000 grant. Influenced by his experiences on the Discovery Expedition, he had put his confidence in ponies rather than dogs for the long polar march. This was not attained, but the expedition's southern march reached a Farthest South latitude of 88° 23' S, just 97.5 nautical miles (180.6 km; 112.2 mi) from the pole. London: C. Hurst. The men divided into three groups. [f], The party turned for home after 73 days' southward travel. A sledging party, led by Shackleton, reached within 97 nautical miles (112 statute miles or 180 km) of the… Mount Erebus, the active volcano on Ross Island. Published at the Winter Quaters of the British Antarctic Expeditions, 1907, during the winter months of April, May, June, July 1908. [12] This early plan also revealed Shackleton's proposed transport methods, involving a combination of dogs, ponies and a specially designed motor vehicle. [79] After traversing the Nordenskjold Ice Tongue and the treacherous Drygalski Glacier they were finally able to leave the coast and turn north-west, towards the Magnetic Pole's approximate location. The men divided into three groups. [51] After a slow start due to a combination of poor weather and lameness in the horses, Shackleton reduced the daily food allowance to extend the total available journey time to 110 days. [74] Hoping that the ship was nearby, they sought to attract its attention by setting fire to a small wooden hut used for magnetic observations. Pioneered route up Beardmore Glacier and almost reached Geographic South Pole. [45] Shackleton's inclusive leadership style, in contrast to that of Scott, meant no demarcation between upper and lower decks—all lived, worked and ate together. The final leg of their march was interrupted by a blizzard, which held them in camp for 24 hours. [62] On the next day he noted that, having attained 87° 6½′ S, they had beaten North and South polar records. [33], Shackleton's initial reply was accommodating: "I would like to fall in with your views as far as possible without creating a position that would be untenable to myself". For his trail-breaking achievements, Shackleton received a fulsome tribute from Amundsen: "What Nansen is to the North, Shackleton is to the South". [95][96][97], First of three Antarctic expeditions led by Ernest Shackleton, Most accounts of the expedition give the "97 miles" distance without giving the equivalent in statute miles, the symbolism of being within 100 miles of the pole being considered all-important. Shackleton was able to do this, the extra funds including £2,000 from Sir Philip Brocklehurst, who paid this sum to secure a place on the expedition. [24][25][e], Shackleton hoped to recruit a strong contingent from the Discovery Expedition and offered his former comrade Edward Wilson the post of chief scientist and second-in-command. The expedition lacked governmental or institutional support, and relied on private loans and individual contributions. [57], As the journey continued, personal antagonisms emerged. By making his base in McMurdo Sound, Shackleton had been able to reinstate the Magnetic Pole as an expedition objective. See, Sir William Beardmore, later Lord Invernairn, "Purchasing Power of British Pounds from 1264 to Present", "Explorers' century-old whisky found in Antarctic", "Explorer's century-old scotch returns from Antarctica", "Whisky buried by Ernest Shackleton expedition recreated", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nimrod_Expedition&oldid=995097885, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 05:54. On February 3, the Nimrod deposited Shackelton and a party of 14 men at Cape Royds. A revival of the vintage (and since lost) formula for the particular brands found has been offered for sale with a portion of the proceeds to benefit the New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust which discovered the lost spirits. The party was to try to reach the Magnetic Pole, and was to carry out a full geological survey in the Dry Valley area. the british antarctic (nimrod) expedition 1907–09 The Discovery Hut was not revisited until the arrival of the Nimrod, on Shackleton’s British Antarctic Expedition 1907–09. Shackleton's first expedition to the Antarctic as leader had the ambitus goal of becoming he first to reach the South Pole. Both had originally intended to sail to Antarctica and then immediately back with Nimrod but were persuaded to become full members of the expedition. The expedition ship Discovery in the Antarctic, alongside the Great Ice Barrier The Discovery Expedition of 1901–1904, known officially as the British National Antarctic Expedition, was the first official British exploration of the Antarctic regions since the voyage of James Clark Ross sixty years earlier (1839-1843). "She was much dilapidated and smelt strongly of seal oil, and an inspection [...] showed that she needed caulking and that her masts would have to be renewed." Leader: Ernest Shackleton. [33] To this Shackleton replied: "There is no doubt in my mind that his rights end at the base he asked for [...] I consider I have reached my limit and I go no further". [90] Although in the eyes of the public he was a hero, the riches that Shackleton had anticipated failed to materialise. It would be a man-hauling party; the dogs remained at base to be used for depot-laying and other routine work. However, a strong wind behind them enabled them to set a sail on the sledge and maintain a good marching rate. The scientific team, which included the future Australasian Antarctic Expedition leader Douglas Mawson, carried out extensive geological, zoological and meteorological work. Condition: New. [80][81], Their way up to the inland plateau was via a labyrinthine glacier (later named the Reeves Glacier after the Royal Geographical Society's main map curator),[82] which brought them on 27 December to a hard snow surface. In a muted ceremony, David took formal possession of the area for the British Empire. [56], Shackleton christened this glacier the "Beardmore" after the expedition's biggest sponsor. See, An Antarctic post office had been established in the South Orkney Islands in 1904 at the Orcadas meteorological station set up by, Three years later, on reaching the South Pole, Amundsen named the same plateau after King Haakon of Norway. That night, in heavy drifting snow, Nimrod passed by them, unable to make out their camp. The four men were now much weakened,[68] yet in the following days they achieved impressive distances, reaching the head of the glacier on 19 January. He made little financial gain from the expedition and eventually depended on a government grant to cover its liabilities. Joyce, whose Antarctic experience exceeded all save Wild's, was excluded from the party after Marshall's medical examination raised doubts about his fitness. Size: Quantity: 1 … It was divided into a series of mainly two-person cubicles, with a kitchen area, a darkroom, storage and laboratory space. [39], On arriving in McMurdo Sound on 29 January 1908, Nimrod's progress southward to the Discovery base at Hut Point was blocked by frozen sea. Map showing the area explored by Ernest Shackleton's British Antarctic Expedition, 1907-1909. Bjorn was eventually acquired by German explorer Wilhelm Filchner and, renamed Deutschland, was used in his 1911–1913 voyage to the Weddell Sea. [38], The Barrier (later known as the Ross Ice Shelf) was sighted on 23 January, but the inlet had disappeared; the Barrier edge had changed significantly in the intervening years, and the section which had included the inlet had broken away to form a considerable bay, which Shackleton named the Bay of Whales after the large number of whales seen there. [33] It was a capitulation to Scott and Wilson, and meant forfeiting the expedition's aim of reaching the South Magnetic Pole which was located within Victoria Land. [31] Two important additions to the team were made in Australia. [b] Scott's verdict was that he "ought not to risk further hardships in his present state of health". British Antarctic Expedition 1907–09. Mawson led the 1911–13 Australian Antarctic Expedition, and Priestley was part of the Terra Nova Expedition's scientific team. The first of these was Edgeworth David, a professor of geology at the University of Sydney, who became the party's chief scientific officer. The next day, 17 January 1909, they reached their goal, fixing the pole's position as 72° 15' S, 155° 16' E, at an elevation of 7,260 feet (2,210 m). [93] Ten years after her return from the Antarctic, Nimrod was battered to pieces in the North Sea, after running aground on the Barber Sands off the Norfolk (UK) coast on 31 January 1919. [10], After inspection by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, Nimrod sailed on 11 August 1907. Its main target, among a range of geographical and scientific objectives, was to be first to the South Pole. Wilson refused, citing his work with the Board of Agriculture's Committee on the Investigation of Grouse Disease. Rations had been cut several times to extend the return journey time beyond the original 110-day estimate. When Shackleton returned to McMurdo Sound in February 1908 he discovered that the door had been burst open, evidently by a southerly blizzard, and was jammed by snow outside and in. On 17 May he signed a declaration stating that "I am leaving the McMurdo base to you",[33] and that he would seek to land further east, either at the Barrier Inlet visited briefly during the Discovery Expedition, or at King Edward VII Land. 3: Lyttelton to the Antarctic and back December 1908-March 1909. He concluded by reminding Shackleton of his duty of loyalty towards his former commander. [47] The most important winter's work, however, was preparing for the following season's major journeys, which were to include attempts on both the South Pole and the South Magnetic Pole. Map of British Antarctic Expedition, Antique Map, 1907-09. Leader: Shackleton, Ernest Henry. Shackleton decided to give the expedition impetus by ordering an immediate attempt to ascend Mount Erebus. document.getElementById('pagetitledynamic').innerText = h1Tag; However, the pony's harness broke, and the sledge containing their supplies remained on the surface. [8][14] However, the response of the RGS to Shackleton's proposals was muted; Shackleton would learn later that the Society was by this time aware of Scott's wish to lead a new expedition and that the Society wished to reserve its full approval for Scott. His initial plan allowed 91 days for the return journey, requiring a daily average distance of about 16 nautical miles (30 km; 18 mi). … I & II. Customise Your Product. 4: Lyttelton to Sydney to London 1909. "[41], The following days were occupied with the landing of stores and equipment. Shackleton, with other concerns pressing on him, felt obliged to concede. [16] Shackleton had to settle for the elderly, much smaller Nimrod, a 40-year-old wooden sealer of 334 gross register tons,[c] which he was able to acquire for £5,000 (updated value £533,000). 3 - "The Nimrod Expedition" (1907–09) The Nimrod Expedition, or more formally, The British Antarctic Expedition of 1907–09, was the first of three expeditions to the Antarctic led by Ernest Shackleton.. We read in wikipedia where the expedition "lacked governmental or institutional support, and relied on private loans and individual contributions." [72] Wild's laconic comment was "Good old Joyce". The British Antarctica Expedition of 1907-09, led by Ernest H. Shackleton, left Port Lyttelton, New Zealand, in the ship called "Nimrod" on January 1, 1908. [33] Polar historian Beau Riffenburgh believes this was "a promise that should never ethically have been demanded and one that should never have been given, impacting as it might on the entire safety of Shackleton's expedition". Nimrod Expedition 1907-09 . On 25 January he ordered the ship to head for McMurdo Sound. In January 1908 he returned to Antarctica as leader of the British Antarctic (Nimrod) Expedition (1907–09). "We have shot our bolt", wrote Shackleton, "and the tale is 88° 23' S". British Antarctic Expedition 1907-09. The five men party consisting of Shackleton, Jameson Adams, Eric Marshall and John Robert Francis [Frank] Wild had pioneered a route up the Bearmore Glacier becoming the first men to stand on the polar plateau. [61], On Boxing Day the glacier ascent was at last completed, and the march on the polar plateau began. When Steuart withdrew his support, however, Bjorn was beyond Shackleton's means. On 31 January Shackleton forced his own breakfast biscuit on Wild, a gesture that moved Wild to write: "BY GOD I shall never forget. As a means of conserving fuel, Shackleton had arranged with the New Zealand government for Nimrod to be towed to the Antarctic circle, a distance of approximately 1,400 nautical miles (2,600 km; 1,600 mi),[36] the costs of the tow being met partly by the government and partly by the Union Steam Ship Company as a contribution to the expedition. Nimrod's captain was another naval reserve officer, Rupert England; 23-year-old John King Davis, who would later make his own reputation as an Antarctic captain, was appointed chief officer at the last moment. The party reached the Cape Royds hut "nearly dead", according to Eric Marshall, on 11 March. On 7 December, Socks disappeared down a deep crevasse, very nearly taking Wild with him. [88], Shackleton was made a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) by King Edward, who later conferred a knighthood on him. "I feel I have a sort of right to my own field of work," he wrote, adding: "anyone who has had to do with exploration will regard this region primarily as mine". Shackleton's only choice now, other than abandonment of the expedition's goals, was to break the promise he had given to Scott. The expedition consisted of fifteen men and introduced a number of innovations, using both Manchurian ponies and … Read more Shackleton had served in the Antarctic on Captain Scott’s Discovery Expedition, 1901–04, and had led the British Antarctic Expedition, 1907–09. Entrance was made therefore through one of the lee windows. Despite increasing physical weakness they maintained their daily distances, and on 31 January were 16 nautical miles (30 km; 18 mi) from their agreed pick-up point. Contributor Names Shackleton, Ernest Henry, Sir, 1874-1922. 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