There are surprisingly few strikeouts or corrections in the London Notebook; probably he worked out the pieces at the clavier and then copied them down, relying on a remarkable memory for music, whether his own or works by others. How many movements make up a typical Haydn or Mozart symphony? Undoubtedly Ludwig Kochel, who in 1862 published a complete chronological catalogue of Mozart's works, got the information about Mozart's K. 16a from the Breitkopf & Hartel catalogue, where the four bars originally appeared. Then you return to the opening material, now putting it all, or most of it, in the home key. The typical classical orchestra consisted of _____ players. It will add another significant artifact to chart the musical development of this supreme musical genius. Mozart's very first symphony has been discovered and authenticated by international experts, and will be performed in Denmark in March or April. 1 in E-flat, K. 16, might be this piece, but probably notâthat symphony was indeed written in London, but it does not have trumpets and drums. Based on the instrumentation available, that symphony was almost certainly the G Minor, K. The Mannheim style was a significant influence on many composers, including Mozart. So that Papa could have quiet and rest, the children were not allowed to touch a keyboard. Compared to what the Mozarts were used to, it was a seething hive of activity in the arts, with citizens on the prowl for entertainment, including concerts public and private, opera, theater, dancing, card playing. 14. . WOLFGANG AMADÈ MOZART: Symphony No. When he was eight years old, Mozart met an English lawyer named Daines Barrington, and performed a five-part musical composition he was seeing for the first time.Barrington compared the impressiveness of Mozartâs achievement to that of an eight year old being seven feet tall. There the Jew, the Mahometan, and the Christian transact together as though they all professed the same religion, and give the name of Infidel to none but bankrupts.â. In Mozart's own day, he would have grabbed every string player he could afford for a performance of one of his orchestral pieces. London at that point was the largest and richest city in the world, one of the most cosmopolitan, and a mecca for musicians. We have had no actual score. Grimm in Paris had recommended to Leopold a new and semi-private hub of concertizing at Carlisle House, in Soho Square. In any case, after his first try, Wolfgang started turning out symphonies for small orchestra designed for his and Nannerlâs London concerts. Mr. Thygesen said that the last movement, in rondo form, is the first of its type that Mozart ever wrote. In any case, after his first try, Wolfgang started turning out symphonies for small orchestra designed for his and Nannerlâs London concerts. By the last week of September 1764, Leopold was well enough to bring the family back to London. From a friend, Leopold got a recommendation for a doctor who turned out to be a Dutch Jew. They appeared for the third and last time before the king and queen on October 25, the fourth anniversary of George IIIâs taking the throne. . While the Linz Symphony was an incredible feat of quick creativity, the work is some of Mozartâs most finely polished writing (and his longest symphony at the time). ''It's only in the last year that I have had the chance to go through the material that has been lying in the library for years,'' Mr. Thygesen said. Paris, spring 1778. My stomach does not fancy anything and I am so frail that I can hardly think sensibly . Leopold had shown Wolfgang the formal outlines appropriate to each movement of a sonata or symphony. There was a second concert at the end of the month in the rotunda of Ranelagh Gardens. Mozart was about 9 years old when he wrote it. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timesâs print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. The children took up their familiar round of concertizing. The literary Internetâs most important stories, every day. In the new edition of Grove's Dictionary, the work - listed as K. 16 -leads off the section on Mozart symphonies. The work starts on a downward A-minor arpeggio from the high A, goes back to the high A and is followed by three bars of nothing but eighth-note A's. and my name will be as celebrated as that of Bach.â There is a good deal more of the like twaddle. Besides occupying the British throne he was also elector of his ancestral Hanover, so the court had a distinctly German tone. With such authorities as Jens Peter Larsen of Copenhagen University and Jan LaRue of New York University vouching for the authenticity of the manuscript, few will doubt the findings. 35; K.385 in D major. . Symphony No. Very few Mozart works are in A minor. Perfect pitch is a rare gift. For a July concert at the home of the Earl of Thanet, in Grosvenor Square, Leopold could not find a free carriage, so he hired a sedan chair for the children. This A-minor Symphony is such an example, known up to now only by its incipit in a catalogue. Although Haydn was 24 years Mozartâs senior and his mentor, Haydnâs later worksâincluding Symphony No. The pieces, some incomplete, range from tentative to fascinating. See the article in its original context from. While Mama took care of suffering Papa, the children had to find their own diversions. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Conducted by music director Rossen Milanov, the ⦠âI feel like a child. Used with the permission of Harper. They stayed at 180 Ebury Street, as a plaque on the wall of the house still bears testament. Beethoven on the other hand, starts his first Symphony on a dissonance. The exertion overheated him, which, he believed, led to a cold, which a week later turned into a miserable sore throat and fever. Joannes Chrisostomus Wolfgang Gottlieb Mozart, who began to call himself Wolfgango Amadeo about 1770 and Wolfgang Amadè in 1777, was born in Salzburg, Austria, on January 27, 1756 and died in Vienna on December 5, 1791. 40 1st mvt' Artist: Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (sheet music) Born: January 27, 1756 , December 5, 1791 Died: Salzburg , Vienna The Artist: A child prodigy, Mozart wrote his first symphony when he was eight years old and his first opera at 12. . The childrenâs reputation had preceded them: five days after their arrival, Wolfgang and Nannerl played before King George III and Queen Charlotte at Buckingham House. Perhaps he gave the child a few lessons, though there is no record of that. Already Leopold was grousing about proceeds for an event or two that garnered more than his yearly Salzburg salary. Active as was public concert life, it tended to be mainly an entrée into private performances, which were more frequent and often paid better. it was debuted 9 years after Mozarts death. The work continued to go unnoticed until the librarian of the Odense Symphony, Gunnar Thygesen, began sifting through the manuscripts. Most striking is No. The third movement of K. 14 has at the head âen carillon,â and features high writing on the harpsichord and pizzicatos for the violin. In Paris Mozart published his first piece of music, and in London he composed his first symphony. Composed in 1788, it is one of only two symphonies he wrote in minor keys and reflects his interest in the artistic movement known as Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress), in which darker and stronger emotions were showcased. While he composed and I copied he said to me, âRemind me to give the horn something worthwhile to do!ââ The work later known as Symphony no. J.C. Bach, at that time the most popular musician in England, was fascinated with Wolfgang. The Princeton Symphony Orchestra will post a recorded performance of âMozart & Saint-Georgesâ 4 p.m. Sunday, Jan. 10. It is unlikely that an unknown work by the mature Mozart will ever turn up, so closely has his career been examined by scholars over the last hundred years. âI have been clystered, purged, and bled,â he wrote Hagenauer. The work is in 3 movements: Molto allegro, 4 4; Andante, C minor, 2 4; Presto, 3 8; In the second movement, the eight-year-old Mozart makes use of the four note motif that appears in the finale of his Jupiter symphony, No. After the tour concluded in 1766, Mozart went to Vienna, where he composed a German singspiel (Bastien und Bastienne) and an Italian opera buffa (La finta semplice). But let me live, and one day I shall offer Her a gift worthy of Her. From Mozart: The Reign of Love by Jan Swafford. Mozart was the first great musical (opera) dramatist. Though Leopold talked to his wife about who might take over their education if he died, the potential disaster turned out well for Wolfgang. In that catalogue is a notation to the effect that the whereabouts of the manuscript was unknown. ''Although the existence of the symphony has been known,'' said Prof. Jens Peter Larsen of Copenhagen University, ''it has survived only as a four-bar introduction in the Kochel catalogue. However for all the shock of the opening dissonance, it still follows the formal rules and only shows that Beethoven was a precocious composer. The 22-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is in the city with his mother. By no means do musical experts these days consider Mozartâs Symphony No. Those sonatas, K. 10â15, are another step up in ambition and sophistication, two-or three-movement pieces with a first in sonata form, most with a minuet or two for the finale. The Danish amateurs of 1793 confused the indications of the score itself with the actual number of instruments that would have been employed. The work, the only one of Mozart's 41 symphonies in A minor, will be introduced by the Odense Symphony. Two points: the Bach he cites is Johann Christian; and this is perhaps the only time history records Mozart (though it is not really him speaking) talking in terms of the kind of immortality for composers that Handelâs enduring reputation had pioneered. Based on the instrumentation available, that symphony was almost certainly the G Minor, K. Symphony No. Paris, spring 1778. Wolfgang may have looked at it as a harmonic study; its altered chords and modulations from key to key range farther than anything he had yet explored. The symphony was included in a concert arranged by Count von Schrattenbach, brother of the Archbishop of Salzburg, given by the Mozart family (Leopold Mozart, the 11-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus, and the 15-year-old Maria) on 30 December 1767 at the Taverna in Brno.A local clergyman recorded: "I attended a musical concert in a house in the city known as the "Taverna", at ⦠This concert, conducted by Alexander Kerr, includes Saint-Georges' Overture to The Anonymous Lover, Shostakovich's Chamber Symphony for Strings in A-flat major, Op. The manuscript was found 40 years ago in a cellar in Odense, Denmark, but not until recently was attention paid to it. Like all violin sonatas of the time, these of Wolfgangâs are, again, mainly piano pieces with the violin along for the ride. The violin writing, with Leopold looking over his shoulder works well enough, but the eight-year-old is far more involved with the clavier part. _____ is today painted as Mozartâs great detractor. During the first audience, the king presented Wolfgang with sight-reading challenges, works by Wagenseil, J. C. Bach, Abel, and Georgeâs favorite, German-born Handel. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), The Inertia of Whiteness in the World of Postwar Publishing, 'Do You Know Alex Oreille': New Fiction from Katie Kitamura, Rebecca Solnit: When the President of Mediocrity Incites an Insurrection, Lit Hubâs Most Anticipated Books of 2021. As usual Leopold made wide contacts and had boundless ambitions for the visit, but the usual tricks of fate turned up too. 15 in G Minor, a through-composed piece that deftly develops its opening ideas throughout and en route works in a quote from Gluckâs ballet Don Juan. Created by Grove Atlantic and Electric Literature. As there was no room for him and the chair carriers were swift, he had to jog alongside. Wolfgang accompanied Queen Charlotte in an ariaâshe was a fair singer and clavier playerâand improvised melodies over Handel bass lines. While visiting the city of Linz, how many days did it take Mozart to compose a fresh symphony? When the Mozarts arrived in London, Handel was five years in his grave; many in the city remembered his performances. The red-brick London townhouse where Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed his first symphony at the age of 8 has been listed for £7.5 million (US$9.63 million). Leopold found them the warmest and most welcoming sovereigns they had yet encountered: âTheir easy manner and friendly ways made us forget that they were the King and Queen of England.â. Mozart and Haydn became fast friends in Vienna in the 1780s. The symphony is notable for having an unusually large instrumentation for its time, made possible by the large orchestra available to Mozart during his time in Paris. Because the relatively primitive horns of the day were unhappy in any but a few comfortable keys, such as F major, or E flat, composers almost always avoided such keys, arcane at the time, as A minor or Bflat minor or D-flat major. Mozart's very first symphony has been discovered and authenticated by international experts, and will be performed in Denmark in March or April. Then you modulate to the key of the fifth scale degree, the âdominant,â and write a second theme or themelets that complement and contrast the first theme. Before Mozart returned to Vienna he was commissioned to write a new opera for the city, resulting in Don Giovanni, which premiered in Prague in October of the same year. The Singapore Symphony Orchestra returned to performing to a live audience with a pair of Christmas concerts in December, bringing festive cheer to an otherwise gloomy close of an annus horribilus.The new yearâs first concerts were to have been a trio of evenings with Krystian Zimerman playing all five Beethoven piano concertos, but that had to be cancelled. The composerâs youth is shown in occasionally static harmony, in the piano part still relying on babbling Alberti bass in the left hand, and in a frequent sense of inattention to the violin part; for stretches he lets the fiddle dither around aimlessly on the low strings. Run by Mrs. Teresa Cornelys, once an operatic singer and now society hostess, the concerts were somewhere between public and private, catering to a select aristocratic clientele. The manuscript was bought by the Odense Music Club in 1793 (two years after Mozart's death) as a work called ''Symphony for 10 Instruments'' and signed ''Herr Mozart.'' Wolfgang Amadeus Mozartâs name is familiar even to people who know little or none of his music. The best Mozart works include a range of influential opera, symphony, concerto, chamber and sonata masterpieces by the legendary composer. He developed a great respect for the man, mused about trying to convert him, finally decided to leave well enough alone. The 2020 drive-in concerts were the first such performances in the nation by an established classical-music presenter and paved the way ⦠40 in G Minor, K. 550, symphony by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. A fascinated Leopold wrote patron Hagenauer reports of everything from the number of streetlamps in London (55,435) to the amount of cheese consumed per annum (21,660,000 pounds) to observations on the high quality of meat and produce, the various types of beer and punch, womenâs fashions, Oxford studentsâ habit of cutting their hair short so it would not interfere with their thoughts. In London the Mozarts got to know a number of wealthy Jews, most of them Portuguese. 1 in C Major, Op. As usual Leopold made wide contacts and had boundless ambitions for the visit, but the usual tricks of fate turned up too. Some musicians have it, most do not. In Paris Mozart published his first piece of music, and in London he composed his first symphony. 4. This is the first piece that Mozart ever wrote⦠when he was FIVE years old 18 August 2016, 11:56 | Updated: 13 May 2019, 12:17 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozartâs first ever composition was a dainty and balanced little Minuet and Trio in G major⦠and itâs way better than anything by a five-year-old should be. (All the same, most of the time he composed at the keyboard.) Best Mozart Works: 10 Essential Pieces By The Great Composer. Young Wolfgang wasnât allowed to touch the piano, so he had to find other ways to occupy himself. Breitkopf & Hartel were important German music publishers. By this time, he was already notable in Europe as a wunderkind performer, but had composed little music. The first movement should have three sections, starting with a first theme or group of themelets in the âtonic,â the home key, that establish the mood and main ideas of the movement. Afterward Leopold lamented that their gift for the performance was a mere 24 guineas (around 250 florins), but a second court appearance in May made them 24 more. It was a sure sign of royal enthusiasm. Ludwig van Beethoven - Symphony No. Can We Bring Extinct Species Back? A performance of his Sinfonia Concertante has been - he claimed - ⦠They would stay in London for an initially glorious, then exasperating fourteen months. The answer was a positive yes.''. Confused the Score. The only time Mozart uses that key is within a large work for a special effect. It was while he was in London that Mozart composed his first symphonies and his first aria. This is a list of symphonies by the classical composer Wolfgang Amadeus ⦠Scholars have demonstrated that Mozart's earliest symphonies and concertos were strongly influenced by Johann Christian's music. Musically, since leaving Salzburg the children had made dazzling strides. But not one of his symphonies (the newly discovered one excepted), violin or piano concertos, or chamber-music works, is in A minor. 21. The _____ was the last composition of Mozartâs which he did not live to finish. Mrs. Cornelys herself, however, did not appear interested in the Mozarts, though they may have attended her programs. Joannes Chrysotomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart was born in Saltzbourg Bavaria on January 17, 1756. Finally, Mozart concludes his gift to the city of Linz with a spirited, brisk finale wrapped in boundless energy and wonderful good humor. He has been likened to _____. There is a connection between the Mozarts and Denmark. The story was inspired by Mozart in the Jungle: Sex, Drugs, and Classical Music, oboist Blair Tindall's 2005 memoir of her professional career in New York, playing various high-profile gigs with ensembles including the New York Philharmonic and the orchestras of numerous Broadway shows. Now he fretted that these Jews seemed too secular, neglecting their faith. It depends on the grace of God whether He will preserve my life. Symphony No. Symphony No. They arrived on 6 August and, before they left in September, Mozart had passed an important milestone: he had written his first symphony. Symphony No. 41.The four notes, Do, Re, Fa, Mi, make an appearance in several of Mozart's works, including his Symphony No. When we got the manuscript I contacted, among others, Prof. Jan LaRue of New York University to check on the authenticity of the work. Vienna. The work later known as Symphony no. On the way the family all got wretchedly seasick; Leopold wrote home that he was champion at vomiting. The Kansas City Symphony plans to return to in-person concerts at Helzberg Hall in January 2021, with masks on and social distancing. There are 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in A, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, and strings.It was Mozart's first symphony to use clarinets. 1 in Eâ major, K. 16, was written in 1764 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of eight years. 40 in G minor, K550 at St Johnâs Smith Square, London, on 14th June 2018. However for all the shock of the opening dissonance, it still follows the formal rules and only shows that Beethoven was a precocious composer. In total Mozart completed forty-one symphonies in his brief ⦠About 'Symphony no. Experts say it was composed in London in 1764 or 1765. It was a bit of a startling situation: the rooms, hung in blue and yellow satin, were a former brothel. 40 in G Minor, K. 550, symphony by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Beyond that, there is a driving intensity to the piece that foreshadows a distinctive G-minor mood that would be with him to the end, most famously in his two symphonies in that key, one early and one late. 1 in E-flat, K. 16, might be this piece, but probably notâthat symphony was indeed written in London, but it does not have trumpets and drums. A performance of his Sinfonia Concertante has been - he claimed - ⦠What city did Mozart compose Symphony No 40 in G minor? Public concerts were a singular feature of music in London, more common than most places on the Continent. Copyright © 2020 by Jan Swafford. There, the young genius became friendly with Johann Christian Bach, the youngest surviving son of Johann Sebastian. In practice, the pattern is a general guide that can have endless variations.). This theme is stated by the horns in his first symphony. After the premiere of the A-minor Symphony in Odense, orchestras all over the world will be eager to present the work. my boy knows in this his eighth year what one would expect only from a man of 40.â. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on 27 January 1756 to Leopold Mozart (1719â1787) and Anna Maria, née Pertl (1720â1778), at Getreidegasse 9 in Salzburg. 550.) He was able to write the piece without a clavier because he had the inborn faculty called âperfect pitch,â meaning he could hear notes accurately in his head or name any note played to him. The music is scored for two violins, a cello, bass, two oboes, two bassoons and two horns. They could accommodate up to six hundred attendees for concerts, cards, dinners, and masked balls. Leopold marveled that they dressed like Parisians and hardly looked like their coreligionists in Austria. Beethoven on the other hand, starts his first Symphony on a dissonance. Composed in 1788, it is one of only two symphonies he wrote in minor keys and reflects his interest in the artistic movement known as Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress), in which darker and stronger emotions were showcased. Every master of his craft has an origin story, and the great Ludwig van Beethoven is no exception. ''Initially I thought that the piece might have been written by another Mozart, possibly the great composer's father,'' Mr. Thygesen said, ''but our research has shown that the way the music is written, its type and moods, make us certain that the piece is genuine. His talents brought him to play in the Church of the Holy Ghost in Heidelberg, the Cathedral of Antwerp, the church of St. Bavo in Haarlem, and the church of St. Thomas in Verona. 40 in G minor, K. 550. In spite of numerous innovations Beethoven's symphony no 5 had the standard four movement of the classical symphony. The 22-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is in the city with his mother. Mozart first started learning the organ in Ybbs and later learned how to use the pedal board by standing on top of it at the age of seven. 550.) 13. If the newly discovered A-minor Symphony is like the other works that Mozart composed while in London, it will be about 10 minutes long, in the ''gallant'' style. About two hundred people showed upâfewer than Leopold had hoped, but still bringing in ninety guineas, which amounted to more than nine hundred German florins. I shall become immortal like Handel. '', The symphony has three movements - allegro, andantino and allegro moderato. London at that point was the largest and richest city in the world, one of the most cosmopolitan, and a mecca for musicians. The best Mozart works include a range of influential opera, symphony, concerto, chamber and sonata masterpieces by ⦠They reached London on the twenty-third, staying for a few days at an inn in Piccadilly before settling into cheaper rooms above a barberâs in St Martinâs Lane. The most unusual thing about the A-minor Symphony may be its key. Discovering that their Parisian attire attracted cries of âBugger the French!â from street urchins, Leopold hastened to equip the family with English clothes, including fashionable round hats. Its date of composition is given as 1764-65, and more likely 1765, with a comment that the manuscript has been lost but that the incipit can be found in the Breitkopf & Hartel catalogue. Like all violin sonatas of the time, these of Wolfgangâs are, again, mainly piano pieces with the violin along for the ride. The Most Anticipated Sci-Fi and Fantasy Books of 2021, The State of California Crime Fiction: A Roundtable Discussion, âFunny, How?â Why Comedy is Crucial in Crime Writing, A Short History of Classic TVâs Most Unusual Investigators. Mozart used a theme by Gluck for his first movement Rhythmic consistency and gorgeous melodies make this music perfect for dancing During the mid-18th century, the German city of Mannheim boasted one of the finest orchestras in Europe. Wolfgangâs playing, Leopold wrote, âhas become at all points different.â âMy little girl, although she is only twelve years old, is one of the most skillful players in Europe, and . For the occasion, held in the spacious Great Hall of Spring Gardens, Leopold hired a small orchestra of London players and two singers to present arias. . As a center of music publishing it rivaled Paris. (Only decades later would this pattern, already common in works of the 1770s, be named âsonata form,â its three main sections called âexposition,â âdevelopment,â and ârecapitulation,â to which may be added an introduction at the beginning and a coda at the end. The newly discovered A-minor Symphony is listed in the sixth edition (1964) of the Kochel catalogue as K. 16a, and four measures are printed. Stern ⦠That was strictly verboten according to the rules of theory of the time. It may be a juvenile effort, but it does come from the mind of one of the greatest composers in history. Presumably the melodic line under those A's is being carried by other instruments. The other unexpected factor, once again, was health. In which city did Beethoven thrive? Instrumentation. Mozart - Symphony No. Hear his First Symphony, called "a farewell to the eighteenth century," paired with Mozart's famous Clarinet Concerto, one of his final compositions ever written. Advertisements described them as âProdigies of Nature.â Leopold scheduled their public debut for June 5, the kingâs birthday, when he knew the nobility would be in town. First performance. Mozart was about 9 ⦠The queen was German-born, the kingâs family German. MOZART'S EARLIEST SYMPHONY, COMPOSED AT 9, IS DISCOVERED. 'Lying in Library for Years'. Two years ago, another of the youthful Mozart's symphonies, K. 19 in F, also composed about the same time in London, was authenticated. In April of 1787, the downturn in Mozartâs finances forced his family to move from their expensive digs in the inner city to a smaller, less expensive flat on the outskirts of the city at Landstrasse 224. 1 in E flat major In 1764, Mozart and his family were touring London when his father Leopold was struck down with illness. The London to which he came was of course vastly different from the modern city. Impresario Cornelys was a former (or not-so-former) procuress who notoriously had a daughter by Casanova. But the ''London Bach'' and his tiny colleague improvised together on the clavier and developed a very warm personal relationship. The London Mozart Players perform Mozartâs Symphony No. In 1765 the rooms became the home of the historic Bach-Abel concerts. First. After the tour concluded in 1766, Mozart went to Vienna, where he composed a German singspiel (Bastien und Bastienne) and an Italian opera buffa (La finta semplice). Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. That was strictly verboten according to the rules of theory of the time. Mainly Mozart is gearing up for a big return to the Del Mar Fairgrounds, where it staged a series of groundbreaking 2020 drive-in concerts after the coronavirus pandemic shuttered indoor and outdoor concert venues across the country and around the world.. Dr. Larsen and Dr. LaRue are among the world's outstanding experts on music in the Classic period. To pass the time, Wolfgang decided to write a symphony for full orchestra. Leopold had the sonatas engraved at the end of the year, the dedication page to Queen Charlotte necessarily obsequious, this time in French, signed by Wolfgang but surely written either by Papa or a hired writer of such things: âWhen the Queen deigns to listen to me, I surrender myself to thee [meaning music] and I become sublime; far from Her, the charm grows weak, her August image gives me a few ideas which art then takes charge of and completes. The fast movements are confident and exuberant, and among the pieces is a nice variety of keyboard textures. During the time of the Mozartsâ sojourn, two Germans, Johann Christian Bach and Carl Friedrich Abel, established Londonâs historic first subscription series, which would be a feature the cityâs music life for sixteen years. The music is scored for two violins, a cello, bass two. 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